Causes of global wheat crisis.

Wheat is an important part of the human diet. In 2022 and 2023, the world consumed 791 million metric tons of wheat. Which is slightly more than last year. Wheat is the most widely cultivated cereal. 20% of the energy that humans get from food comes from wheat. In some countries, the consumption of wheat bread with every meal is considered mandatory. Wheat prices in 2023 and 2024 have seen a significant increase. More than 80 percent of the products made in bakeries consist of wheat. Every year a certain relative increase is observed in the population of the world. So, on the same basis, the demand for wheat is also increasing at the global level. If the global quantity of wheat is not increased on the same basis. Then the world faces a global shortage of wheat. Which are the main reasons for the increase in the price of wheat. In addition, the following factors play an important role in the wheat crisis.

Decrease in wheat crop due to wars.

Due to the wars, there is a global wheat crisis. This problem becomes very serious when wars break out in wheat producing countries. Landlords have to invest a lot of capital to grow wheat. Along with this, a large piece of land is also required to grow wheat. Wheat also takes a long time from sowing to harvest. Whenever a war breaks out in an area. All people remove themselves from this area. The first is that the landlord is also forced to leave the area. No farmer works in war-torn areas. Which stops farming completely. It has happened many times that due to wars, the ready crop is completely burnt. Oftentimes wars break out in places where there are crops, then these crops are badly affected. Crops are crushed by the back and forth movement of the warriors or the vehicles they carry. Apart from this, many other problems arise due to wars which adversely affect the crops.

Decrease in wheat crop due to drought.

Drought is when there is no rain for a long period of time or less than average amount of rain. Many crops are badly affected due to drought. Which includes the wheat crop also. Generally, wheat is grown in two ways. A wheat crop is one that is irrigated by a tube well. Other wheat that is grown on rainfed lands. In this type of wheat crop, the seed is left for rain after sowing. If it rains, it will yield a crop of wheat, otherwise all this seed will be wasted. Wheat crop yield is negligible during drought in rainfed lands. Which is one of the main reasons for the decline in wheat production. Wheat crops in developing or underdeveloped countries are adversely affected by drought. Because farmers in such countries do not prefer to use good quality seeds. Because high-quality wheat seed can provide a substantial crop even during drought or low rainfall. Farmers in underdeveloped or developing countries do not have easy access to high quality seeds.

Damage to crops due to unseasonal rains.

Rain is very beneficial for wheat crops. But rain is not always beneficial for wheat crops. This is the time when wheat crops are nearing maturity and farmers stop watering these wheat crops. So that the wheat crop is dry and ready for harvesting. If it rains during this time, the crop of wheat is badly affected. As such, the yield of the wheat crop becomes negligible. Due to such rains, farmers also suffer financial losses on a large scale. If this process takes place in an area that is responsible for most of the wheat production of a country. In such a situation, a country may also face a shortage of wheat. Such incidents have happened many times in many countries. Due to which these countries have faced particular problems.

Reduction in wheat crop due to various diseases.

Sometimes it happens that the wheat crop gets diseased. Even wheat production can often be affected on a large scale. Sometimes this problem becomes so severe that the production of wheat sometimes decreases even at the global level. There can be many reasons for wheat crops to be affected by disease. These problems can sometimes be natural and sometimes due to human error. Natural problems mean that occasionally a pest attacks plants and causes complete crop destruction. Apart from this, the wheat crop is totally or partially damaged due to occasional unseasonal rains and floods. Due to such natural calamities, the wheat crop also suffers a lot. One of the main reasons for the decline in wheat harvest is human error. Farmers in developing or underdeveloped countries are not educated. They often use old methods to grow wheat. In such a method, more water is required for the crop and more care should be taken for it. Not only does the use of such a method reduce the yield. Along with this, the income of the crops from such methods is also contrary to the hopes of the farmers.

Lack of good seeds for growing wheat.

Many farmers do not use good varieties of seeds. There may be several reasons behind this. Some of which are as follows.
(1)
Good quality seeds cost more. The cost of high-quality seeds is beyond the reach of farmers. Because in many countries, farmers belong to the lower income group.
(2)
Lack of proper training of farmers is also a major reason. There are many farmers who do not even know the names of seed companies. Also, there are many farmers who are illiterate. Many farmers are not familiar with the new methods of agriculture published in various journals. A farmer should be educated and trained to get more profit from the crops. So that farmers can use advanced methods to grow crops.
(3)
Often the markets provide fake seeds instead of the original high quality seeds. For which farmers pay high quality seeds price. The benefits of these crops are not very profitable for the farmers. On the one hand, the farmers have paid a high price for the seeds. Second, farmers do not get good returns while harvesting. This fraud and trickery happens to farmers in many countries. Such incidents therefore happen to farmers. Because there is a lack of awareness among the farmers about the seeds.
(4)
There are also some seeds that require special methods to grow. Often the knowledge of farmers about such seeds is negligible. Due to this reason, the farmers have to suffer huge losses.

Impact of farmers' financial problems on wheat crop.

Farmers in many developing or underdeveloped countries face severe financial problems. Financial problems of farmers can adversely affect crop yields. As getting good seeds requires good capital. Timely application of fertilizers is essential to get good yields from crops. Modern agricultural practices require many types of machinery. To meet all these needs, farmers require a large amount of capital. Unfortunately, farmers in many countries do not have enough capital for crops. Lack of capital is one of the main reasons for declining agricultural production in many countries

Not using good fertilizers.

In many countries, farmers do not have access to good quality fertilizers. There could be several reasons for this. Fertilizer is an expensive ingredient for crops almost all over the world. Also, there are different methods of application of fertilizers to different crops. Fertilizer is given in specific amount at a specific time to each crop. Farmers must have special skills to use pelletizers. There are different types of fertilizers. Different crops are supplied in different quantities. Farmers must be specially trained to use fertilizers. Because not using it in time or using more or less quantity causes serious damage to the crops.

Not giving special attention to the wheat crop at the government level.

There are many countries in the world that are not paying much attention to the agriculture sector. Some countries have this slogan that the countries are agricultural countries. But this motto of some countries is only nominal. If the agriculture sector was given more attention, there would have been a clear reduction in the prices of agricultural commodities. Farmers in many countries are facing different problems. Farmers in many countries have protested for it many times. There are many countries in the world that are ignoring the demands of farmers. But one thing is clear. The more prosperous the farmer, the greater the extent of agricultural production. In return, food ingredients will be available in abundance in world markets. There will be a marked reduction in the prices of these food ingredients. It is the responsibility of the United Nations to strongly oblige all member states to pay special attention to the agricultural sector. Take more steps to solve the problems of the farmers. So along with this wheat will also be available to the public in the markets with lower prices.

Farmers lack knowledge in growing wheat crops.

Farmers all over the world except some developed countries need training. In which farmers are introduced to good varieties of seeds and use of modern methods in agriculture. Almost 90% of farmers in developing or underdeveloped countries are illiterate. Along with training, farmers must also be educated.

People around the world use wheat on a large scale.

Wheat accounts for 20 percent of all nutrients consumed by humans worldwide. This means that the most widely consumed ingredient in the human diet is wheat. According to some data, 791 million metric tons of wheat was consumed in 2022 and 2023. Such a large amount of wheat was consumed in just one year. Most of the wheat is used in the form of bread. In many countries, bread is consumed with every meal. In addition, flour made from wheat is used in all baked bakery products.