Drought Effects globally

Drought is a period of time in which a region receives less precipitation than normal range. The amount of moisture decreases and the groundwater level also goes down. It is also a reason for diminishing the stream flow. Drought causes damage to plants and crops. Drought is the cause of water shortage . Sometimes drought remains for more than 10 years. The drought remains for a long period of time than it is more harmful. Some research shows that. The drought is often a reason for migration. A lot of people migrate for the sake of water to other places. These people are known as water refugees. Drought is not making only human refugees and causing wildlife to be compelled for migration. Drought has the worst effect on forests. It is the main cause of extinction of many animals and plants. In drought the humidity of the environment reduces. Then it causes throat and nose diseases.

(1) Kinds of Droughts

When for long period of time the rainfall less then average. It’s said drought. Types of drought

Meteorological

This type of drought is different region to region depending on weather.
20 inches of rainfall
enough for deserts and 20 inches of rainfall is too less for forests in a year.

Agricultural

The water is not enough available for growing crops.
The production of crops is less than estimated. The water is not enough available for new crops.

Hydrological

The drought in which the amount of water remains less than usual water in rivers canals and ponds.

Socioeconomic

It’s also a type of drought in which the requirements of the State of water is much more than the available sources.

(2) In droughts ground water level gose down

Water level of earth go down Each year a region has a specific amount of rainfall. if the change in the rainfall ramian for long time five to ten years. In this period the rainfall is less than average. This is known as drought. In drought the water level goes down. The big reason is the dryness of dams, rivers and canals. There in drought residents are compelled to draw out water through wells and tubewells. The utilization of tube wells in agriculture is not environmentally useful .

(3) In droughts dams becomes empty

With the coming of drought in a region the rains less than expected in ordinary. Then less water comes in dames or not comes. The utilization of water remains in a constant quantity. That's Why the dames become empty with the passage of time. In each dam various types of aquatic animals live. The aquatic life in dams depends on the environment of that area. With the water level go down the aquatic life also badly affecte. It not only impacted aquatic life but also badly affected the animals and birds which are living nearby the dames. With the shortage of water in dams the groundwater level goes down. The humidity of the air also reduces. It has an impact on human life, plants and trees. It means due emptying of dames affects all surroundings. Cause of extinction of many plants and animals is also drought

(4) Many springs dried each year because of drought

Water springs are very important due to the basic need of fresh water.The surface of land is covered with a very thin layer of soil. Beneath the soil are the various types of rocks. In these rocks the canals of water are running. There are some rocks that are permeable to water. Like lime rocks, sandy rock and many more. Primarily the water of spring comes from rainfall. The surface of land is not at the same level. The water of rain penetrates the land. This water of raining may directly penetrate the land. The water stored in the pond's water jheel. this water penetrate in land. This also may flow in rivers canals through many other ways through many other ways water penetrates in land. This water is comes out of land in the form of springs. The gravity works towards lower level. The water penetrates its high level of land. The water where it comes out of land must be lower level than where it penetrates. When the drought comes in a specific area the springs may not affected. It’s due to the fact that spring water may come from far away places where not drought for the same period. Hundreds of springs become dry every year.

(5) Shortage of drinkig water due to droughts

It is clear there is no life where this single compound water does not exist. H2O means water. The distribution of water on earth is very uneven. 97 percent of water is in the oceans. It means a very large amount of Marin water. Only 3 percent are freshwater. 69 percent in the form of glaciers and 30 percent are available for utilization. Less than one percent of all water exists on earth is usable.

(6) Impacts of drought on agreculture

It is clear there is no life where this single compound water does not exist. H2O means water. The distribution of water on earth is very uneven. 97 percent of water is in the oceans. It means a very large amount of Marin water. Only 3 percent are freshwater. 69 percent in the form of glaciers and 30 percent are available for utilization. Less than one percent of all water exists on earth is usable. With the decreasing snowfall and rainfall. The ground water level goes down. The amount of water flow in rivers canals and dams also decreases. The trees and other vegetables for florishing required a high amount of water. With the reduction of rainfalls the farmers are compelled to utilize the tube wells water. The utilization of Borings for the purpose of agriculture causes more downing of water level. In some places the ground water level have reached up to 1000 feet below the earth surface.

(7) Effects of drought on Crops

because of drought the amount of humidity in the atmosphere is least. When the amount of humidity is least in the atmosphere the respiration rate in plants will increase. In drought the amount of water is very little or water not available for absorption in roots of plant. But it should be noted that if the drought is mild the respiration will increase and if the drought is severe the respiration will decrease. These conditions cause damage to the plant totally. Photosynthesis is a very important factor for lifeon earth. The photosynthesis maintains the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. Through this process the amount of carbon dioxide also decreases. The process of photosynthesis is dependent on water . This also depends on the area of the leaf. If there is not enough water in the plant. The leaves of the plant will shrink. It is a cause of decreasing area for photosynthesis taking place. In this reaction enough water is utilized. Drought causes anatomical problems also in plants. As not enough water is available the cells may face changes in elongation. Drought is cause of thick cell wall in plants.there are many other factors that are affects the crops production by drought.

(8) The farmers facing problems due to droughts

Drought badly affects the farmers. It increases the expenditures also. All crops need plants of water. The source must be cheap and easily available. as the water of canals rivers and plenty of rainfall. Other than these sources are more costly sources of water for crops. the getting of water becomes more difficult with the restrictions of sources. The farmers are compelled to use water of tubewells and wells. The drawing of water from wells and Borings requires electricity or there fuel for running of water pumps. In some countries the water draws from wells with the help of animals. These animals require food and shelter for living. It also requires cost on a daily basis. Due to the utilization of boring, the groundwater level goes down. In some places the groundwater level is around 1000 feet down. For the drawing of water till the surface of earth requires a huge amount of energy. In some places solar panels are used for the purpose of electricity to draw water out from borings. This process also requires expenses for repairing solar systems used for production of electricity. Solar systems are cheaper than using fuel and electricity. Another method the utilization of wind energy. This is also a cheaper method but sometime works or sometime does not works. It depends on the wind. The drawing of water from wells and borings for the purpose of agriculture is not eco-friendly

(9) Livestock problems in drought

It has the worst effect on livestock. These all domestic animals require water to maintain their health and life. The shepherd ran the animals herds for grassing. Thegresses and plants also reduce with the coming drought. If the drought is severe the plants totally end. These situations remain until the end of the drought. With the coming of drought the prices of fodder and grasses also increases.The owners can not provide enough water and fodder for their livestock. In many countries a large number of livestock are lost due to drought.

(10) Forests have badly affected by drought

In forests not only trees. There are many other plants. Several species of trees and plants existes in forests. The trees and plants of forests are known as wild plants. A large number of animals and insects also live in forests. The animals lived in forests are known as wild animals. The insects, wild animals and wild plants in combination are called wild life. Wildlife almost depends on rainfall. There are different types of relationships among the living organisms in the forest. This relationship may be mutualism, commensalism , predation and parasitism. The animals living in forests are dependent on the water of rainfall and rivers.if the rainfall is less than average. The trees reduce their leaves. The herbs will disappear. Then the herbivores are compelled to migrate for the sake of food. The predators will also be compelled for migration. It’s due to less opportunity of predation. A large number of insects also depend on plants. The drought is a big cause of fire also in forests

(11) Impacts of drought on Aquatic life

The animals living in freshwater waters are known as aquatic animals.a large number of plants also found in freshwater. These plants are also called aquatic plants.there are a large number of fish species that live in freshwater. More than half species of fishes live in freshwater. There are more than 800 species of fishes living in freshwater. There are many other classes of organisam also living in freshwater. As reptiles amphibians some birds many more. Many species of algae and fungi are also found in freshwater. Many rivers have been badly affected by drought. With the decrease amounts of water damaged the population of animals, plants and fungi living in rivers. If the river are completely dried the population of all living organisms in the river ends for the period of drought. After a period of time, when water will come again in these rivers. it will require a long period for regaining to its original position.

(12) Impacts of drought on the life of birds

Many species of birds make nests in trees. Many of these birds get their food from these trees in which they live. With the coming of drought. These trees lose their leaves and they are not able to provide the required atmosphere for their breeding.the environment can not provide these birds suitable situatiions for breeding. the basic necessities for life are not available. they need water, food and suitable temperature also.drought badly affected the reproduction process of many birds. The number of many species have decreased. This problem many countries have experienced. Many speciesnof birds due to different disasters have been eradicated.

(13) Effects of drought on life in mountanry areas

Many people and animals live in mountains. It is clear that every life needs water. The sources of water in mountainous areas are rain and snow falling. The may remain for several years if form of glaciers in cool area.Then in all dams rivers springs water comes from glaciers and rainfalls. With the coming of droughts the rainfall and snowfall become less than average. Then the residents of these areas faces water shortages. To overcome this problems the residents of the areas adopted other way like tube wells well water pumps for drawing out of water. but the animals badly affect by drought. with them only the way remain is migaration.

(14) Electricity problem in drought

A large amount of electricity is produced by hydroelectric turbines. With the coming of drought. The quantity of water reduces in rivers and dams on which they are built. With the reduction of water flow the turbines stoppes. The production of electricity is also affected in this way.

(15) Migration problems in droughts

In most rural areas the residents are depending on gardens and farming. Some of them landlards. While others work on land for daily wages. A small ratio of rural residents belongs to other occupations. Fish farming and livestock are also dependent on water. The main sources of water are canals, rivers, tube wells, wells, dames and rainfall or snowfall. If the rainfall less than average rainfall or snowfall. The amount of water will decrease in all other sources. If these conditions remain for a long time, a decade or more. Then also they are not able to maintain their farms or livestocks as usual. This is the reason the residents of rural areas migrate to the cities. The population of urban areas is already dense. The sudden increase in population in a large number. Creates problems in cities like high rents of houses. these migrants fill the vacancies of jobs.

(16) Increases the urban pupolation by the drought

A large number of people migrate from rural areas to the city for sake of work. Because of drought, the farms, livestock and many other activities related to agriculture are stopped. The people moving to cities are a burden on the residents of cities. The rent of houses increases. the prices of goods also increases. The supply of vegetables and livestock from rural areas to the city has also decreases. The drought is a cause of lowering the income of the residents of rural and urban areas. Rural activities include farming and gardening, not only the production of fruit, vegetables and meat. The vegetables also produce a large quantity of oxygen,

(17) Affect biodiversity by drought

Variety of animals and plants on a large area of earth is known biodiversity. With the coming of drought many animals and humans are compelled for migration to leave the area. For the sake of water and food. There is a significant decrease in different kinds of plants. Many animals can not travel far distances. Like turtles, snakes, reptiles, amphibians and many more. There are many other species only under specific conditions can live. They can not survive in other regions.these all animals and plants come to near eradication due to severe drought conditions. If the drought remains for a long time the result will be more dangerous.

(18) Reduced humidity due to droughts

With the coming of drought there many rivers, canals, dams, ponds and springs become dry. When the rain falls a large number of tiny water drops suspended in air is a big cause of humidity.in common day sunlight falls on the surface of water and the water molecules come in contact with air. Many molecules of water are continuously in the form of steam going into air. It increases the humidity of air. In drought periods the amount of contact of water with air is less than average. This is the reason for the humidity of the air during drought.

(19) Joblessness because of drough

Almost more then 60 percent of agriculture workers become jobless with the coming of drought in a region. On many lands grow crops with rain waters. In during of drought the water of rivers canals and dams reduces. The people related to livestock also compelled so sell the cow sheep and other animals on butchers. Many farmers stop farming due to the groundwater levels goes more down. Their tubewells and wells become dry. Hundreds of thousands peoples become jobless in those regions where drought comes.

(20) Increasing of temparature in drought

With the coming of drought. The rainfall decreases then ordinary rain falling. The humidity in air also reduces. The number of plants also reduces. The plants use sunlight in photosynthesis which cause of utilization of photons in production of glucose. In drought there number of plants less than or ordinary situations. plants and humidity in air a cause of reduction in photons heat effect.

(21) Affect of drought on insects

Drought also impacts insects. Although the insect has exoskeleton. The exoskeletons of insects are made of chitin proteins. Chitin has many good characteristics. Due to chitin insects can live in drains likes habitats. Due to their exoskeleton made of chitin it’s too resistant for severe weather conditions. But they also require water for the existence of their life. Like breeding, laying of eggs and many more. Their movement is slow; they can not travel several miles for the sake of water.

(22) Dust in droughts

In the drought the humidity of air is reduced. The leaves of plants and trees are also becomes dry. The blowing of wind causes large scale dusts. The dust will blow badly in the summer season. The impact of dust is more on these cities which are nearby deserts.

(23) Oxygen reduced, and carbon dioxide increase in droughts

It is clear that the oxygen producers are plants and algae. Oxygen is produced by photosynthesis. With the coming of drought the number of different plants and algae badly decreases. With the decrease of plants and algae the amount of oxygen also decreases.

(24) Increases poverty by drought

With the coming of drought a large number of jobs also ends. The people related with agriculture and livestock are badly affected by drought. A large ratio of people in rural and counties areas are related to the agriculture sector and livestock.these all individuals which were engaged in agriculture sector become jobless.

(25) Droughts cause of inflation

With the coming of drought the crop and livestock are badly affected. The supply of meat, vegetables and grains becomes low. The low amount of supply can not fulfill the demand of the market.due to high demand the prices also go up.the traders compelled to bring the grain vegetables and meat from far places or might for import it from other countries.for the balancing of demand and supplies through imports. It requires to pay taxes when crossing international bordes. In these conditions many countries give subsidies for the control of prices. Sometimes it is also possible the neighboring countries are not in position to provide the demand. The reason may be political or it is also possible that the other country is facing the same conditions. In these situations the inflation becomes more severe.

(26) Affects of droughts on USA

Many regions in the United States face drought. The famer of those regions hit by drought face different kinds of difficulties. There only drought can be diminished by rainfall. If this drought conditions remain it will badly hit the profitability of crops and livestock. Due to drought the streams and rivers water level downed which is used for irrigation. This drought can have an impact on the national level. If the drought remains. Currently it shows the negative impact on food processing businesses and agricultural services. As in 2023 the western regions drought condition was better than the 2022 and 2021. The Colorado river is also badly affected by drought. Which is the cause of losing many agricultural jobs. The federal government of the United state made an institution for providing information of rainfall to the farmers. several packages announced for the regions hit by drought. Biden administration from longtime working on Colorado river to find a solution for it. The US Congress also have positive role in to combat the drought.

(27) Efferts of United Nations against drought

United nation through a convention working on drought. This convention is known as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. According to UNCCD data. the droughts are caused of more than $ 124 billion losses between 1998 to 2017. There are more than 70 countries in the world affected by drought. But only few countries of the world have comprehensive plans for droughts. 17 June is observed as the international day of combat to desertification. On this day internationally through seminars provide information about the feared outcome of drought. The United Nation helps through specific programs underdeveloped countries which are hit by drought.

(28) Emergencies declared due to drought

Many countries have declared emergency due to sever drought. Up to 23 countries have declared emergency. The emergency in some countries at national level and in some countries at sub national level in year 2022. 1.84 billions people affected by drought in year 2021 and 2022