Sharjah’s Drinking Water Crisis: An Urgent Challenge and the Path to Sustainability 2024/June

Sharjah, the third most populous emirate in the United Arab Emirates, is grappling with a pressing issue: how to provide clean, dependable drinking water to its ever-increasing population. Unlike regions rich in natural freshwater sources, Sharjah is highly dependent on desalinated seawater and limited groundwater reserves. This article delves into the core reasons behind the water crisis, its consequences, and the most promising strategies for ensuring a stable water supply in the years ahead.

1. Understanding the Root of the Water Crisis

1.1 Harsh Climate and Scarcity of Freshwater

Situated in one of the driest regions of the world, Sharjah receives less than 100 mm of rainfall annually. With no rivers or permanent lakes, and with underground aquifers being rapidly depleted or too saline, the emirate lacks any substantial source of natural freshwater.

1.2 Dependence on Desalination

Due to the absence of freshwater bodies, approximately 99% of Sharjah’s potable water is sourced from desalination—a process that converts seawater into drinkable water. Despite being vital, desalination has serious drawbacks:

High energy use, mostly from fossil fuels, increases greenhouse gas emissions.

Marine ecosystem harm, due to discharge of concentrated brine.

Operational risks, such as oil spills or technical malfunctions that can temporarily disrupt water production.

1.3 Outdated Infrastructure and Water Wastage

Aged water distribution systems contribute to significant losses—up to 30% of treated water is lost before it reaches consumers. These inefficiencies strain the water supply even further.

1.4 Extremely High Water Usage

Water consumption in Sharjah averages about 500 liters per person daily, far above the global average (200–250 liters) and even more compared to Europe (120–150 liters). The main reasons include:

Inadequate public knowledge about water conservation.

Government subsidies that keep water prices low, reducing the urgency to save.

Inefficient use in landscaping and farming.

1.5 Urban Expansion and Population Growth

A growing population driven by immigration, tourism, and economic development is pushing water demand to new heights. High-rise construction and increasing infrastructure require vast amounts of water.

2. Consequences of the Water Crisis

2.1 Increased Costs for Water Supply

Desalination is an expensive method. As the demand rises, the financial burden on the government intensifies, potentially leading to increased water tariffs for consumers.

2.2 Environmental Impact

The brine discharged into the sea damages marine biodiversity.

Overuse of groundwater can cause land sinking.

Carbon emissions from energy-intensive desalination processes worsen climate change.

2.3 Risk of Water Supply Disruptions

Desalination facilities can be affected by pollution or mechanical failure, creating a risk of sudden water shortages that could affect daily life and businesses.

2.4 Public Health Issues

In older neighborhoods, rusty pipes or poorly maintained storage tanks may introduce contaminants into the water, making residents hesitant to consume tap water and increasing reliance on bottled alternatives.

3. Strategic Solutions to Secure Sharjah’s Water Future

3.1 Fixing Infrastructure and Preventing Leaks Upgrade pipelines with modern materials to minimize leakage.

Introduce smart technology to detect leaks quickly.

While SEWA has made improvements, more investment is needed.

3.2 Encouraging Efficient Water Use

Launch educational initiatives to promote water-saving habits.

Enforce regulations limiting water use for landscaping and irrigation.

Offer incentives for installing water-saving appliances in homes and businesses.

3.3 Reuse of Treated Wastewater Although Sharjah treats all of its wastewater, most of it is released into the sea. Redirecting this treated water for uses like farming, cooling, and industry could ease pressure on freshwater sources.

3.4 Investing in Sustainable Desalination

Expand the use of solar-powered desalination facilities to reduce fossil fuel dependency.

Support research into advanced technologies like graphene membranes, which promise more efficient desalination.

3.5 Cloud Seeding and Artificial Rain

Sharjah participates in the UAE’s rain enhancement program. Increasing investment in cloud seeding could help replenish underground water sources.

3.6 Reforming Water Pricing

Implement tiered pricing to penalize excessive use.

Reduce or eliminate subsidies for high water consumption.

3.7 Engaging the Community

Encourage water conservation practices in schools, mosques, and workplaces. Promote installation of low-flow fixtures and water-saving tools in public places.

4. How Can Individuals Help?

Everyone has a role to play in easing the water crisis. Simple actions include:

Repairing leaks as soon as they appear.

Installing low-flow faucets and toilets.

Washing vehicles with buckets instead of hoses.

Limiting showers to under 7 minutes.

Choosing plants that require minimal watering.

Reporting water misuse to SEWA.

5. Looking Ahead: The Road to Water Security

While Sharjah has taken important steps by building new desalination facilities and expanding water recycling programs, a long-term solution depends on:

Greater investment in clean, sustainable technologies.

Effective regulation to discourage overuse.

Regional collaboration on shared water resources.

With prompt and collective action, Sharjah can overcome its current water crisis and ensure a reliable, eco-friendly water supply for future generations.

Water is life—and every drop matters. Whether you are a resident, business owner, or decision-maker, now is the time to make meaningful changes. By conserving water, supporting innovation, and embracing responsibility, Sharjah can build a sustainable water future.